Hi Erika,

I'll link up the videos I recommend that explain how to do each type of reaction needed:

First thing to notice is that we are opening up the ring of that epoxide in structure A to get to B, also we added an OH and 2 additional carbons. 

To open up the ring we need a strong nucleophile and the only option we have for that is in c. You'll find the reaction and mechanism explained in the below video:

Chemmunity Team

Overall Proton transfer is a fundamental process in chemistry where a hydrogen ion (proton, H+) is transferred from one molecule (the donor) to another (the acceptor).

Proton transfer can refer to either Protonation or Deprotonation. 

Protonation adds a proton while deprotonation removes a proton. 

Chemmunity Team 

The loss of the leaving group is an essential step in many organic reaction mechanisms, particularly in nucleophilic substitution (SN1 and SN2) and elimination reactions (E1 and E2). A leaving group is an atom or group of atoms that detaches from the main molecule, taking with it a pair of electrons and thereby stabilizing the overall reaction.

A leaving group is an atom or a group that can detach from the parent molecule during a chemical reaction, leaving behind a reactive intermediate such as a carbocation or a negatively charged fragment.

The ability of a group to leave depends on its stability once it detaches; the more stable it is after departure, the better the leaving group it makes.

Alkyl Halides: Halides such as Cl, I and Br are common leaving groups due to their ability to stabilize the negative charge after they leave.

Water: In reactions where OH− is protonated to form H2O water becomes a good leaving group due to its stability in solution.

Hi Amalia,

This video specifically showed the nucleophilic attack effect which refers to the process in which a nucleophile, which is an electron-rich species, donates a pair of electrons to an electron-deficient site, typically a positively charged or partially positive atom (an electrophile). This interaction is fundamental to many reaction mechanisms, particularly substitution and addition reactions.

Each reaction video moving forward shows and explains these concepts inside the mechanism. 

For example if the next reaction you cover is substitution (SN1 and SN2) reactions then you'll see that explained in these videos:

SN2 Reactions

SN1 Reactions

Hi Michelle,

We don't have a downloadable list of the names of functional groups at this time, but we'll see what we can do and I'll let you know. 

Hi Abdullah,

This is E2 because of the bulky base, tertoxide OC(CH3)3, this specific base is only used in E2 reactions. The overall reason for this is because that base is way too hindered to complete an SN2 reaction. You'll see this explained with examples in the E2 Lesson video below at timestamps 01:34 (SN2 vs E2) and 10:42 (Anti-Zaitsev).

Hi Ess,

We don't have downloadable slides to go along with the lessons at this time but our team will consider this for the future. 

Hi Briana,

We don't have downloadable slides to go along with the lessons at this time but our team will consider this for the future. 

No it doesn't as long as they are both going in the same direction. Up and Up or Down and Down. 

You'll find examples of this at 0:50 of this video. 

Or more examples in the below video at timestamp 22:41

Happy to hear the practice problems have been helpful! 

We have more videos on this topic here:

Review: IUPAC, E and Z and Common Nomenclature of Alkenes

Additional Practice: Practice Problem: Labeling Geometric Isomers E or Z From Given Structure

Additional Practice: Practice Problem: Naming Alkenes and Alkene Containing Compounds

Practice Exam on Alkenes (Question 1) 

Practice Exam: Properties of Alkenes and Reactions of Alkenes (Question 1)